economic growth is the most important purpose of developing countries. each country can improve social welfare and access to international markets by increasing production potential. production can increase by two ways: the first one, using more inputs that raising production cost and the second one, improving efficiency that can produce more output with certain inputs or the same output with l...

Multiple virulence systems in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are regulated by the second messenger signalling molecule adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). Production of cAMP by the putative adenylate cyclase enzyme CyaB represents a critical control point for virulence gene regulation. To identify regulators of CyaB, we screened a transposon insertion library for mu...

We explore the effects of planning regulation on the UK retail sector between 1997 and 2003 using microdata from the UK census. We document a shift to smaller shops following a 1996 regulatory change that increased the costs of opening large stores. Our analysis suggests that total factor productivity (TFP) of multi-store retail chains fell after the introduction of the reform due to the reduct...

the issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. if productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. on the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...

Using detailed data on veterinary, ecological, sanitary, phytosanitary and mandatory certification measures, this paper studies the effect of non-tariff measures (NTMs) firm productivity in food-processing industry through forward backward linkages. quantity value output at product level, we calculate compare quantity- revenue-based total factor (TFP). Exploiting episode NTM liberalisation Ukra...

This paper presents an updated estimation of the total factor productivity (TFP) of the U.S. economy following the two preceding empirical studies, Basu et al. (2001) and Burnside et al. (1995). Based on these two estimation approaches, both of which carefully handle the potential estimation bias stemming from cyclical utilization, we veriÞed that the TFP growth in the late 90s was, to some ext...

Agriculture is particularly vulnerable to climate change because it faces open weather conditions. In uncontrolled circumstances, it's difficult attain better total factor productivity (TFP), which characterizes agriculture growth in an economy. The study estimated the TFP of Pakistan’s first step by employing Tornqvist- Theil index number approach for period 1990-2019. time series data thirtee...

This paper develops a model in which measured total factor productivity (TFP) is endogenously determined, in order to quantitatively explain the following three facts of the Japanese growth miracle between 1956 and 1973. First, the growth rate of GDP per unit of labor in the second half of this period was 7.9 percent while in the first half it was only 5.5 percent. Second, the rate of return to...