the present study was an attempt to compare the effect of three vlss, namely word-part strategy, word-card strategy and context-clue strategy on immediate and delayed english vocabulary retention of iranian third grade high school students. to this end, 90 students, studying at three high schools in tabriz, in three intact groups, were considered as the participants of the study. in order to en...

We propose several approaches to the numerical solution of a new Fredholm integro-differential equations modelling neural networks. A solution strategy based on expansions onto standard cardinal basis functions and collocation is presented. Comparative numerical experiments illustrate specific advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches and are used to motivate alternate strategies. 20...

In two-outcome strictly competitive games, equilibrium mixed strategies do not depend on ultimate prizes. Dixit and Skeath [Games of Strategy (1999) Norton, New York] find this ‘counter-intuitive’. We show this invariance comes from reduction, not independence; and provide conditions for ‘intuitive’ comparative statics under recursive expected utility.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights re...

Improving the fault tolerance ability of a cluster system is an important technology. Using a checkpoint in a multi-machine system is a hot topic in China and abroad. This study introduces common checkpoint technologies and algorithms, as well as presents a common improvement strategy and a comparative analysis.

This note presents a local approach for the modular supervisory control of timed discrete-event systems. Our modular supervisors are designed over local models, which are obtained by aggregating only the subsystems affected by each control specification. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for nonblocking optimal global behavior. We also present a comparative analysis of the comput...

We lift the theory of optimal reduction to a decomposition of the lambda calculus known as the Linear Substitution Calculus (LSC). LSC decomposes β-reduction into finer steps that manipulate substitutions in two distinctive ways: it uses context rules that allow substitutions to act “at a distance” and rewrites modulo a set of equations that allow substitutions to “float” in a term. We propose ...

Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) are stationary and feedforward. They neither change their parameters during evaluation nor use feedback from higher to lower layers. Real brains, however, do. So does our Deep Attention Selective Network (dasNet) architecture. DasNet’s feedback structure can dynamically alter its convolutional filter sensitivities during classification. It harness...

From applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in FL/SL: learning to use or using to learn? Definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. That is why there was a gradu...