No-broadcasting theorem is one of the most fundamental results in quantum information theory; it guarantees that simplest attacks on any protocol, based eavesdropping and copying information, are impossible. Due to importance no-broadcasting theorem, essential understand exact boundaries this limitation. We generalize standard definition broadcasting by restricting set states which we want broa...

UNLABELLED Most studies concerning psychological measurement scales of intensive attributes have concluded that these scales are of ratio type and that the psychophysical function is closely approximated by a power function. Experiments show, for such cases, that a commutativity property must hold under either successive increases or successive decreases provided, e.g., all other independent di...

This paper introduces a new analysis technique, commutativity analysis, for automatically parallelizing programs written in sequential, imperative programming languages. Commutativity analysis aggregates both data and computation into larger grain units. It then analyzes the computation at this granularity to discover when pieces of the computation commute (i.e. generate the same result regardl...

Bethe-Salpeter equation in the non-commutative space for a scalarscalar bound state is considered. It is shown that in the non-relativistic limit, the effect of spatial non-commutativity appears as if there exist a magnetic dipole moment coupled to each particle. e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Non-commutativity of space-time has been recently a subject of intense ...

The question of which separable C*-algebras have abelian central sequence algebras was raised and studied by Phillips ([17]) Ando-Kirchberg ([2]). In this paper we give a complete answer to their question: A C*-algebra has algebra if only satisfies Fell's condition. contrast, show that any non-trivial extension compact operators not non-abelian but even residually type I algebra. particular its...

Formulae display:?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax order to improve their display. Uncheck the box turn off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula zoom.

The real numbers are governed by a collection of rules that have to do with addition, multiplication, and inequalities. In the rules below, x, y, z 2 R. (In other words, x, y, and z are real numbers.) Rules of addition. • (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) (Law of associativity) • x + y = y + x (Law of commutativity) • x + 0 = x (Law of identity) • x + x = 0 (Law of inverses) Rules of multiplication. • ...

Algebraic structures in which the property of commutativity is substituted by mediality are introduced. We consider (associative) graded algebras and instead almost (generalized or $\varepsilon$-commutativity) we introduce ("commutativity-to-mediality" ansatz). Higher twisted products "deforming" brackets (being medial analog Lie brackets) defined. Toyoda's theorem connects (universal) with abe...