A retrieval algorithm is described to estimate vertical profiles of precipitation ice water content and liquid water content in tropical cyclones and convection over ocean from combined spaceborne radar and radiometer measurements. In the algorithm, the intercept parameter N0s in the exponential particle size distribution for rain, snow, and graupel are adjusted iteratively to minimize the diff...

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in ACP if available. Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Co...

We present an overview of the relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics, adopting the perspective that the plates are the surface manifestation, i.e., the top thermal boundary layer, of mantle convection. We review how simple convection pertains to plate formation, regarding the aspect ratio of convection cells; the forces that drive convection; and how internal heating and temperatu...

This review is about non-Newtonian nanofluid applications for convection in cavities under a magnetic field. Convection an important topic thermal energy system, and diverse exist processes such as drying, chemical processing, electronic cooling, air conditioning, removal of contaminates, power generation many others. Some problems occur symmetrical phenomena, while they can be applicable to ap...

The onset of thermal convection in an enclosed rotating cylinder is greatly influenced by the interaction between the Coriolis force and the cylinder sidewall. For temperature differences between the hot bottom and the cool top that are too small to sustain convection throughout the entire cylinder, convection sets in as pairs of wall-bounded hot thermal plumes ascend and cold thermal plumes de...