A novel graphical method of analysing continuous membrane separation systems has been developed. The method is applicable to all counterand co-current membrane modules – single-stage, cascades, and membrane columns. All configurations can be broken down into “column sections”, no matter how complex the arrangement. Each column section, which resembles a typical single-stage separator, is modell...

Contemporary research on pesticides/fungicides as potential sources of groundwater contamination, including their migration pathways, especially in the Western Bengal basin (WBB), is scarce. The present intends to study vulnerability towards pollution from metalaxyl. Metalaxyl a fungicide added anthropogenically sandy soil WBB for cultivation crops like tomatoes, potatoes and mustard. explores ...

Packed bed laboratory column experiments were performed to simulate the biogeochemical processes resulting from microbially catalyzed oxidation of organic matter. These included aerobic respiration, denitrification, and Mn(IV), Fe(III) and SO(4) reduction processes. The effects of these reactions on the aqueous- and solid-phase geochemistry of the aquifer material were closely examined. The dat...