Morpho butterflies are universally admired for their iridescent blue coloration, which is due to nanostructured wing scales. We performed a comparative study on the coloration of 16 Morpho species, investigating the morphological, spectral and spatial scattering properties of the differently organized wing scales. In numerous previous studies, the bright blue Morpho coloration has been fully at...

To investigate the estrogenic effect of Pueraria mirifica (PM), a Thai herbal plant that contains many phytoestrogens, sexual skin coloration was studied in cynomolgus monkeys. Aged menopausal monkeys were divided into three groups. Each group (n=3) was fed 10, 100, or 1,000 mg of PM daily. The treatment schedule was divided into three periods, a 30-day pre-treatment period, 90-day treatment pe...

Berry's phase has been fashionable in many areas of physics and in chemistry and also among mathematicians and mathematical physicists. The mathematical people are attracted to this area because it is related to the beautiful mathematics of bre bundles which underlay gauge theories. In fact this is the most accessible example of a gauge theory for people who know just the elementary facts of no...

Sex-linked coloration is a familiar phenomenon in the animal kingdom. Most people are familiar with the bright coloration of the male in many species of birds [2]. Instances of sex-linking of hair color in mammals are rare, but not unknown. For example, the tricolor pattern in the domestic house cat felix domesticus is found almost exclusively in the female [4]. We report here our discovery of ...

Avian ketocarotenoid pigments occur in both the red retinal oil droplets that contribute to colour vision and bright red coloration used in signalling. Turtles are the only other tetrapods with red retinal oil droplets, and some also display red carotenoid-based coloration. Recently, the CYP2J19 gene was strongly implicated in ketocarotenoid synthesis in birds. Here, we investigate CYP2J19 evol...

Both read-out light sources and ambient light sources can produce a marked effect on coloration of radiochromic film. Fluorescent, helium neon laser, light emitting diode (LED) and incandescent read-out light sources produce an equivalent dose coloration of 660 cGy h(-1), 4.3 cGy h(-1), 1.7 cGy h(-1) and 2.6 cGy h(-1) respectively. Direct sunlight, fluorescent light and incandescent ambient lig...

Kripke’s solution to the Liar Paradox and other paradoxes of truth (1975) is generalized to the paradoxes of denotation. Berry’s Paradox and Hilbert and Bernays’ Paradox are treated in detail.

Root restriction improved berry quality by being involved in diverse aspects of grapevine life. However, the molecular mechanism driving this process is not understood very well. In this study, the 'Summer Black' grape berry (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) under root restriction was investigated, which showed an increase of total soluble solids (TSS), color index of red grapes (CIRG) value, anth...