Macrophages are versatile cells, which phenotype is profoundly influenced by their environment. Pro-inflammatory classically activated or M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory alternatively-activated or M2 macrophages represent two extremes of a continuum of functional states. Consequently, macrophages that are present in tumors can exert tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing activity, dependin...

FP3 is an engineered protein which contains the extracellular domain 2 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1 (Flt-1) and the extracellular domain 3 and 4 of VEGF receptor 2 (Flk-1, KDR) fused to the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1. Previous studies have demonstrated its antiangiogenic effects in vitro and in vivo, and its antitumor activity in vivo. Cetuximab is a monocl...

PURPOSE Human Cripto-1 (CR-1), a cell membrane glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that can also be cleaved from the membrane, is expressed at high levels in several different types of human tumors. We evaluated whether CR-1 is present in the plasma of patients with breast and colon cancer, and if it can represent a new biomarker for these malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We d...

background: opticin, as a member of small leucine rich proteoglycans (slrps), mainly expressed in human eyes. it is also expressed in human brain, ligament, liver and skin, but at lower levels than the eyes. in the present study, expression of opticin was studied in a variety of human cancer cell lines. materials and methods: in this basic study, human cancer cell lines including, a-172 (brain ...

The mucin carbohydrate epitope sialyl-Le(x), detected with the monoclonal antibody AM-3, is strongly overexpressed in > 90% of human colon carcinomas. We show here that in colon carcinoma one of the mucin cores bearing the sialyl-Le(x) group is MUC-1, whereas sialyl-Le(x) present in normal colon is not detectable on MUC-1. The amounts of MUC-1 core detectable with the monoclonal antibody BC3 in...

The thyroid gland is a known site for metastatic tumors from various primary sites. Thyroid metastases are not an exceptional finding at autopsy, and they are encountered in 2% to 9% of the patients with malignant neoplasm. The most frequent tumors to metastasize are breast, lung, melanoma, and kidney carcinomas. Despite the fact that it is one of the largest vascular organs in the body, clinic...

The hemocytometer leukocyte adherence inhibition technique was employed in a criss-cross experimental design with two cancer patients (melanoma and colon carcinoma) and the corresponding tumor extracts. These extracts had been repeatedly tested for specific reactivity and lyophilized before transport to the workshop. The patients' leukocytes were mixed singly with each extract in the presence o...

CONTEXT Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progresses to distant metastases in most cases. The most frequent sites for distant metastases are the bones, central nervous system, adrenal glands and liver. Dissemination to the skin, myocardium, thyroid gland and intestine may occur, but is rare. CASE REPORT We describe a case of squamous cell carcinoma in the lungs, with metastases in the colon ...

The proprotein convertases (PCs) are implicated in the activation of various precursor proteins that play an important role in tumor cell metastasis. Here, we report their involvement in the regulation of the metastatic potential of colorectal tumor cells. PC function in the human and murine colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and CT-26, respectively, was inhibited using siRNA targeting the PCs fu...

The stimulation of high molecular weight sialoglycoprotein synthesis by a soluble factor derived from normal colon tissues was studied in vitro with human colon carcinoma cell lines, HT-29 P and a metastatic variant HT-29 LMM. The synthesis of all three high-molecular-weight sialoglycoproteins (approximate Mr 900,000, 740,000, and 450,000) by HT-29 P cells or HT-29 LMM cells growing in vitro wa...