FOR many years there has been controversy, becoming very bitter at times, regarding the mechanism of formation of the aqueous humour. This fluid has at various times been considered a dialysate, a transudate, an exudate or a secretion, and very strong arguments have been brought forward for and against the various concepts by particular experimentalists partial to one or the other theory. Befor...

BACKGROUND Colloid solutions are widely used in fluid resuscitation of critically ill patients. There are several choices of colloid and there is ongoing debate about the relative effectiveness of colloids compared to crystalloid fluids. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of colloids compared to crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the C...

We explore the conditions under which colloids can be stabilized by the addition of smaller particles. The largest repulsive barriers between colloids occur when the added particles repel each other with soft interactions, leading to an accumulation near the colloid surfaces. At lower densities these layers of mobile particles (nanoparticle halos) result in stabilization, but when too many are ...

DOI: 10.1002/admi.201400187 The propensity of Au ions to self-assemble and undergo rapid reduction into colloids and NPs, however, poses distinct barriers for utilizing conventional gold chemistry for creating structurally-defi ned, organized wire structures and thin fi lms. Patterned Au structures have been produced through chemical derivation of gold colloids surfaces [ 14 ] and/or the substr...

Mesostructured 2d-hexagonal sol-gel films were prepared by dip-coating method. Their structures were detected by X-ray diffraction. Silver nanoparticles reduced from Ag ion (silver nitrate) to Ag were deposited into the channels of the structure produced by the neutral surfactant Brij58. Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy technique was used to characterize the films. Spectra of films without m...

Deionized dilute charged colloidal systems exhibit gas-liquid and gas-solid coexistence and re-entrant transitions depending on suspensions parameters such as volume fraction, charge density and ionic strength. These observations constitute evidence for the existence of long-range attraction between like-charged colloids. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using Sogami-Ise pair-potential, which has a...

Asymmetric dimers consisting of gold microcrystals and spherical silica colloids have been fabricated by depositing thin films of gold onto the spherical colloids to form half-shells, followed by annealing at elevated temperatures. The capability and feasibility of this procedure have been demonstrated with silica and titania beads of 0.2-2 mum in diameter and gamma-Fe2O3/polystyrene@SiO2 core-...

Many small molecules, including bioactive molecules and approved drugs, spontaneously form colloidal aggregates in aqueous solution at micromolar concentrations. Though it is widely accepted that aggregation leads to artifacts in screens for ligands of soluble proteins, the effects of colloid formation in cell-based assays have not been studied. Here, seven anticancer drugs and one diagnostic r...

We study the depletion-induced self-assembly of indented colloids. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo simulation techniques that treat the depletant particles explicitly, we demonstrate that colloids assemble by a lock-and-key mechanism, leading to colloidal polymerization. The morphology of the chains that are formed depends sensitively on the size of the colloidal indentation, with smaller va...

Tetravalent uranium is commonly assumed to form insoluble species, resulting in the immobilization of uranium under reducing conditions. Here we present the first report of mobile U(IV)-bearing colloids in the environment, bringing into question this common assumption. We investigate the mobility of uranium in a mining-impacted wetland in France harbouring uranium concentrations of up to 14,000...