OBJECTIVES This study evaluated two methods for the quantitative measurement of collaterals using intracoronary (IC) blood flow velocity or pressure measurements. BACKGROUND The extent of myocardial necrosis after coronary artery occlusion is substantially influenced by the collateral circulation. So far, qualitative methods have been available to assess the human coronary collateral circulat...

The response of native collateral circulation to chronic stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) was studied in 17 mongrel dogs. Stenosis restricted reactive hyperemia of the LCx without affecting resting flow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by the tracer microsphere technique. Coronary collateral blood flow to the LCx was determined during maximal reactive hyperemia ...

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is an emerging financial service model based on blockchain technology. DeFi composability denotes the ability for different services to interact with one another resulting in new forms of services. The ecosystem largely ERC-20 tokens that can represent value asset. Collateralized assets are locked and additional profit cannot be generated. In this paper, we propose ...

Figure 1: Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography (A) shows heterogeneous hepatic parenchyma and ascites, as well as widely dilated venous collateral in the left haemithorax. The dilated venous collateral joined the middle and left hepatic veins. Sagittal CT scan (B) shows membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. DVC: dilated venous collateral; LHV: left hepatic vein; MHV: middle h...

The prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease largely depends on the presence of a collateral circulation. The location and extent of the collateral circulation is highly variable and these parameters determine whether or not ischemic symptoms occur and whether left ventricular contractility is abnormal. The collateral circulation is generally established through small-caliber distal v...

This paper investigates whether a bank regulator should terminate problem banks promptly or exercise forbearance. We construct a dynamic model economy in which entrepreneurs pledge collateral, borrow from banks, and invest in long-term projects. We assume that collateral value has aggregate risk over time, that in any period entrepreneurs can abscond with the projects but losing the collateral,...

Short-term collateralized debt, private money, is efficient if agents are willing to lend without producing costly information about the collateral backing the debt. When the economy relies on such informationally-insensitive debt, firms with low quality collateral can borrow, generating a credit boom and an increase in output. Financial fragility is endogenous; it builds up over time as inform...

BACKGROUND Coronary collateral arteries function as natural bypasses in the event of coronary obstruction. The degree of collateral network development significantly impacts the outcome of patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have arisen as biomarkers to identify heterogeneous patients, as well as new therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. We sou...

This paper studies the spread of losses and defaults in financial networks with two interrelated features: collateral requirements alternative contract termination rules. When is committed to a firm’s counterparties, solvent firm may default if it lacks sufficient liquid assets meet its payment obligations. Collateral can, thus, increase shortfalls. Moreover, one benefit from failure another fr...

Collateral circulation affects the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated by thrombolysis. The present study performed a systematic assessment of the impact of the collateral circulation status on the outcomes of patients receiving thrombolysis treatment. Relevant full-text articles from the Cochrane Library, Ovid, Medline, Embase and PubMed databases published from Janu...