Economic and environmental concerns will slow down the expansion of the transmission system in many countries. The addition of new transmission lines will be few and far between. The deregulation of the power supply will introduce new power flow patterns on the bulk transmission systems. The net result is that the power systems will operate much closer to their transfer limits and operate there...

BACKGROUND The long-term outcome of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not assessed in controlled trials. We aimed to analyse trends in the population effectiveness of ART in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study over the last decade. METHODS We analysed the odds of stably suppressed viral load (ssVL: three consecutive values <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) and of CD4 cell count exceeding 500 cells/μL for each ye...

Pausing during the earliest stage of transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a nearly universal control point in metazoan gene expression. The substoichiometric Pol II subunit Gdown1 facilitates promoter proximal pausing in vitro in extract-based transcription reactions, out-competes the initiation/elongation factor TFIIF for binding to free Pol II and co-localizes with paused Po...

In this paper we systematically derive a linear model for a n bus m machine system with nonlinear voltage dependent loads at the network buses. The model is versatile and can be used to study diierent phenomena such as steady state stability or voltage collapse. In addition to obtaining the system A matrix, we also obtain a transfer function between load voltages/angles and real/reactive powers...

—This paper proposes a method of real-time voltage stability assessment for load areas, in which the proximity to voltage collapse point at each bus can be accurately evaluated. Based on the non-iterative holomorphic embedding method (HEM), the voltage of each bus for different loading levels in the load area is quickly screened out by only performing one-time power flow calculation. A power se...

In this research, strain-sensing and damage-sensing functional properties of cement composites have been studied on a conventional reinforced concrete (RC) beam. Carbon nanofiber (CNFCC) and fiber (CFCC) cement composites were used as sensors on a 4 m long RC beam. Different casting conditions (in situ or attached), service location (under tension or compression) and electrical contacts (embedd...