Instructional technology, and the cognitivist and systems paradigms that underpin it, grew out of the military-industrial complex during the Cold War. Much as the Pentagon and this military complex defined the architecture of the Internet, they also essentially created, ex nihilo, the fields of instructional technology and instructional design. The results of the ongoing dominance or influence ...

This paper discusses the enduring forces driving the global diffusion of military capability, whether during the cold war or other historical periods, and then considers the competitive dynamics characteristic of the superpower rivalry itself. I argue that the working of the so-called technological imperative along with loosely coupled action-reaction dynamics lead us to expect certain patterns...

The dominant Western narrative—now virtually obligatory within its media and foreign policy establishments—asserts that Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 was unprovoked, deriving from domestic political imperatives messianic imperial nostalgia. Yet, while these factors must be included a comprehensive causal argument, deeper more satisfactory explanation for the situates ...

during the past 500 years, iran and russia have experienced many ups and downs in their relations which have been accompanied with enmity and amity. these relations varied from cooperation under the safavids to enmity, war and interventions under the qajar dynasty, then to hostile and sometimes friendly relations under the pahlavi rule, and finally to collaborations within the past two decades ...

long-term complications of retained war fragments in the body are not completely known. also, bullet migration and slow resorption of metals and distortion in some imaging modalities are frequent and well recognized complications but, now we are concerned about neoplastic changes near the retained war fragments. we reviewed the literature on complication of retained war fragments and report our...

this article concentrates on the role and the place of the middle east in the international system after the cold war. after reviewing different theories and vies on the nature of international system and politics after the cold war, the author considers the rise of a new industrial super bloc, the main development after the end of the cold war. this super block has a unified and definite polic...

The paper considers the geopolitical situation of Black Sea after end Cold War. main stages changing are highlighted: from attempts by new regional actors to build their own course in 1990s falling into sphere influence United States and EU. interests both non-Black powers region, strengths weaknesses analyzed. growing aggravation relations between Russia Western light penetration region was no...

With the end of Cold War, effort to exist in international system has revealed need accelerate democratization process and create new political structures by internalizing Western systems. The formation democracy modernization societies belongs different realities cultures. This does not mean that every state will advance linearly because cyclical changes, culture codes Cultural country. study ...