efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

this study investigated the effects of planning on second-language written production with regard to task type. the participants were 75 iranian learners of english as a foreign language attending a private foreign language institution. they were asked to complete two different types of writing tasks (expository writing task and argumentative writing task) in different planned conditions (indiv...

Objective: The academic success of students has great importance for family, educators and the community. Specific learning disorder reduces students' academic performance and make education difficult. Today, it is necessary to pay more attention to dyscalculia due to the increasing prevalence of learning disorders (especially dyscalculia), its diagnosis and assessment, develop new remediation ...

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of techniques based on executive functions of the brain on cognitive-attention syndrome in students with social anxiety. Methods: The statistical population was all high school male students of Talent in Maragheh who were studying in the academic year 97-96. The sample consisted of 20 students with social anxi...

The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of computer cognitive empowerment on the attentional functions, concentration and cognitive effort of the elderly. Metods This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Participants were 30 elderly people who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experim...

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on the executive functions of memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control. Method: The method of the present study was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all substance-dependent men referring to addiction...