Green fluorescent protein (GFP), which was originally isolated from jellyfish, is a widely used tool in biological research, and homologs from other organisms are available. However, researchers must determine which GFP is the most suitable for a specific host. Here, we expressed GFPs from several sources in codon-optimized and non-codon-optimized forms in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wh...

conclusions the b3, b5, b7, b8 and b9 subgenotypes can be clustered into quasi-sub-genotype b3 and the open reading frame of hbv has a start codon preference; however, whether a mutation in the start codon in the pre-s2 region has an impact on survival and replication of hbv remains to be determined. background the number of cases of hbv infection reported by the who for each district and count...

We investigate the combination of answer set programming and qualitative optimization techniques. Answer set optimization programs (ASO programs) have two parts. The generating program produces answer sets representing possible solutions. The preference program expresses user preferences. It induces a preference relation on the answer sets of based on the degree to which rules are satisfied. We...

One of the new trends in genetic fuzzy systems (GFS) is the use of evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) algorithms. This is because EMO algorithms can easily handle two conflicting objectives (i.e., accuracy maximization and complexity minimization) when we design accurate and compact fuzzy rule-based systems from numerical data. Since the main advantage of fuzzy rule-based systems co...

This paper discusses a logic programming (LP) paradigm and accompanying semantic foundations for specifying constraints and preferences. While the use of constraints in LP languages is well-known, we show that preferences are also natural and are useful in logical speciication of optimization and relaxation problems which arise in many applications involving constraints, e.g., engineering desig...

Two methods for retrieval relevance optimization using the user’s feedback is proposed for a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system. First, the feature space used in database image clustering for coarse classification is transferred to a preference feature space according to the user’s feedback by a map generated by supervised training, thereby enabling to collect user-preferred images in ...

In recent years, the constrained optimization problems have become a hot topic among the interest of scholars. In this paper, a new improved artificial immune algorithm is proposed and then used for solving constrained optimizations problems (COPs). This algorithm will treat these COPs as multi-objective optimization problems, and it is based on the concept of Pareto optimization to solve COPs....

Specific preference statements may reverse general preference statements, thus constituting a change of attitude in particular situations. We define a semantics of preference reversal by relaxing the popular ceteris-paribus principle. We characterize preference reversal as default reasoning and we link it to prioritized Pareto-optimization, which permits a natural computation of preferred solut...