the present paper aims to refine the conditions of authority of ‘religionist conduct’ and its position among imamī evidences of inference. the study seeks to eliminate the shortcomings existing in former principle sources through collecting and disciplining relevant fragmented discussions. the first discussion explains the conditions of authority of religionist conduct based on a comparative ap...

Practical storage systems often adopt erasure codes to tolerate device failures and sector failures, both of which are prevalent in the field. However, traditional erasure codes employ device-level redundancy to protect against sector failures, and hence incur significant space overhead. Recent sector-disk (SD) codes are available only for limited configurations due to the relatively strict ass...

Codes of conduct have received wide attention as a bottom-up approach to foster responsibility for dual use aspects of life science research within the scientific community. In Switzerland, a series of discussion sessions led by the Swiss Academy of Sciences with over 40 representatives of most Swiss academic life science research institutions has revealed that while a formal code of conduct wa...

This paper studies discounted stochastic games with perfect or imperfect public monitoring and the opportunity to conduct voluntary monetary transfers. We show that for all discount factors every public perfect equilibrium payoff can be implemented with a simple class of equilibria that have a stationary structure on the equilibrium path and optimal penal codes with a stick and carrot structure...

Ethics can be understood as a code of behaviour or as the study of codes of behaviour. While the mission of the International Association of Bioethics is a scholarly examination of moral issues in health care and the biological sciences, many people in the field believe that it is also their task to create new and better codes of practice. Both ways of doing bioethics are sound, but it is impor...

Government regulatory involvement in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is due to several factors, including patient advocate groups, prior abuse by psychiatrists, and a general trend of state authority to move into areas traditionally governed by medical authorities. Regardless of the specific reasons, ECT is both highly effective in the treatment of many psychiatric disorders and heavily regulat...

Information technology practitioners are required to make calls of judgement in both a technical and a professional capacity. Professional codes of conduct and codes of ethics are intended to provide guidance in making such calls of judgement. This paper looks at the Australian Computer Society code of ethics in the light of the information technology strategies employed by the Australian telec...

The Social Accountability 8000 Standard (SA 8000), along with other types of certification standards and corporate codes of conduct, represents a new form of voluntary “self-governance” of working conditions in the private sector, initiated and implemented by companies, labor unions, and non-governmental activist groups cooperating together. There is an ongoing debate about whether this type of...

the interactive effects of adjacent buildings on their seismic performance are not frequently considered in seismic design. the adjacent buildings, however, are interrelated through the soil during seismic ground motions. the seismic energy is redistributed in the neighboring buildings through multiple structure-soil-structure interactions (sssi). for example, in an area congested with many nea...

In order to conduct faithful simulations of ocean circulation one needs considerable computational power and storage capabilities. We study the parallelization of a three-dimensional ocean circulation model (OCM) and provide summary results from recent experiments on the Cedar hierarchical architecture. A major goal of our effort is to obtain guidelines for the proper design of OCM codes for pa...