We developed a counterselectable deletion system for Thermus thermophilus HB27 based on cytosine deaminase (encoded by codA) from Thermaerobacter marianensis DSM 12885 and the sensitivity of T. thermophilus HB27 to the antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). The deletion vector comprises the pUC18 origin of replication, a thermostable kanamycin resistance marker functional in T. thermophilus HB...

abstract rhetorical structure is helpful in improving how the writers maintain cohesion in their writings. this study examines how the iraqi writers maintain cohesion in the text by analyzing the various rhetorical moves in azzaman, an online iraqi newspaper. to this purpose, twelve opinion articles from azzaman iraqi newspaper, published from january 2013 to june 2013 were analyzed. the findin...

This paper aims at systematically investigating the aerodynamics of nasalization in Taiwanese, a language that has a nasality contrast in its vowels but are subject to stricter restrictions on nasality distribution than French. Our results show that i) the onset consonantal effects on nasal anticipatory coarticulation are subtly different between the two languages; in particular, voiced stops a...

Speech errors in Taiwanese are investigated by means of a speeded repetition task. Our results show that the intrusion bias is also attested for word pairs with mismatched onsets, whereas in the alternating coda condition, reduction errors are the most frequent error type. This cross-linguistic difference can be attributed to language-specific implementation of stop codas.

Realization of coda /t/ in American English is sensitive to segmental and prosodic context, as well as speaker age. One 20 year old and three 50 year old American women read an extensive word list designed to pinpoint some effects of context. For the older women, preceding low vowels conditioned more glottalization of /t/, presumably because of the greater effort involved in making an oral clos...

This study investigates the glottalization of Taiwan Min checked tones with CV[p, t, k, ʔ] syllable structures. The results of Electroglottography (EGG) and acoustic measures showed that above 80% of [ʔ] and below 15% of [p, t, k] were deleted. Codas were most often realized as energy damping during the vowel final portion. Full stop closures were observed significantly more often among Tone 3 ...

This study systematically investigates the temporal organization of American English onset and coda consonant clusters on the basis of kinematic data. Results suggest that consonants in complex onsets are organized globally with respect to the following vowel (c-center organization), while consonants in complex codas are coordinated sequentially. These results support the competitive coupling m...

In Lezgian, a Nakh-Daghestanian language, final and preconsonantal ejectives and voiceless unaspirated obstruents are voiced in certain monosyllabic nouns. This article offers acoustic evidence confirming that the two coda-voicing series are indeed voiced in final position. Based on comparative evidence, it is demonstrated that this phonetically aberrant neutralization pattern is the result of ...