Background: DNA damage in male germ cells due to exposure to environmental and manmade physico-chemical genotoxic agents is considered as the main cause of male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combined modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) routinely used for cancer treatment on mouse sperm chromatin in vivo. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight mice were div...

Ionizing radiation induces clustered DNA damage, which presents a challenge to the cellular repair machinery. The repair efficiency of a single-strand break (SSB) is approximately 4x less than that for repair of an abasic (AP) site when in a bistranded cluster containing 8-oxoG. To explore whether this difference in repair efficiency involves XRCC1 or other BER proteins, synthetic oligonucleoti...

Accumulation of gene changes and chromosomal instability in response to cellular DNA damage lead to cancer. DNA damage induces cell cycle checkpoints pathways. Checkpoints regulate DNA replication and cell cycle progression, chromatin restructuring, and apoptosis. Checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) is activated in response to DNA lesions. ATM phosphorylate chk2. The activated Chk2 kinase can phosphoryl...

It proved that Zymosan-A protected the haematopoietic system from radiation-induced damage via Toll-Like Receptor2 in our previous study. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanism for the radioprotective effects of Zymosan-A. The mice were treated with Zymosan-A (50 mg/kg, dissolved in NS) via peritoneal injection 24 and 2 hours before ionizing radiation. Apoptosis of bone marrow c...

The ability of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) to remove copper from aqueous ecosystem was studied in real and laboratory conditions. Fresh water mussels (Anodonta Cygnea) of different sizes were Exposed to copper (150, 350, 450 µgl-1) for 10 days. Copper exposure induced DNA damage in the haemolymph cells of Anodonta of all sizes. In connection with real samples, the amount of damage and even...

The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the apoenzyme for the DNA repair enzyme photolyase. PHR1 transcription is induced in response to 254 nm radiation and a variety of chemical damaging agents. We report here the identification of promoter elements required for PHR1 expression. Transcription is regulated primarily through three sequence elements clustered within a 120 bp region imm...