Sunshine can have a profound impact on the systematic change in climate elements, such as temperature and wind speed, and in turn affects many aspects of the human society. In recent years, there has been a substantial interest in the variation of sunshine duration due to the dramatic global climate change. Hence, there is a need to better understand the variation of sunshine duration in order ...

The average equilibrium temperature for all the Earth’s entities involved in its radiative balance with the Sun and Space, is given by: T (e) [K] = 278.9 [ ( 1 α ) / ε ] 1/4 The controlling factor is the ratio of the absorptivity, a = ( 1 α ), to the emissivity, ε . The quantity α is the Earth’s albedo. It is shown that relatively modest changes of only a few percent in α, brought about by vari...

Article history: Received 23 March 2009 Received in revised form 2 June 2009 Accepted 17 June 2009 The sub-monthly evolution of the interannual variations of absorbing aerosols and related hydrometeorology over South Asia in the pre-monsoon period is investigated from the analysis of pentad-resolution observational datasets. It is shown that pre-monsoon (late April–early May) variations are cha...

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR), which is identified as a major environmental health hazard, responsible for variety of photochemical reactions with direct effects on urban and aquatic ecosystems, human health, plant growth, the deterioration industrial systems. Ground measurements total solar UVR are scarce, low spatial temporal coverage around world, mainly due to measurement equipment main...