The iota toxin (ITX) is a binary enterotoxin produced as protoxin by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type E that activated proteolytic enzymes in the small intestine of infected animals. By depolymerization actin filaments, ITX causes cytoskeleton disorganization cells promoting increase cell permeability. Here, we conducted this review aiming to advance understanding enteric clostridi...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS Enteritis necroticans (pigbel), an often fatal illness characterized by hemorrhagic, inflammatory, or ischemic necrosis of the jejunum, occurs in developing countries but is rare in developed countries, where its occurrence is confined to adults with chronic illnesses. The causative organism of enteritis necroticans is Clostridium perfringens type C, an anaerobic gram-pos...

Trehalose has been shown to protect bacterial cells from environmental stress. Its uptake and osmoprotective effect in Clostridium perfringens were investigated by comparing wild type C. perfringens ATCC 13124 with a fluoroquinolone- (gatifloxacin-) resistant mutant. In a chemically defined medium, trehalose and sucrose supported the growth of the wild type but not that of the mutant. Microarra...

Published 27 January 2015 Citation Chen J, Rood JI, McClane BA. 2015. Correction for Chen et al., Epsilon-toxin production by Clostridium perfringens type D strain CN3718 is dependent upon the agr operon but not the VirS/VirR two-component regulatory system. mBio 6(1):e02491-14. doi:10.1128/mBio.02491-14. Copyright © 2015 Chen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of...

Sheep, particularly lambs, with high circulating levels of Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin develop severe neurologic signs and often die suddenly. On microscopic examination, in the brain, there is microvascular endothelial injury and diffuse vasogenic edema. The aquaporin (AQP) family of membrane water-channel proteins, especially AQP-4, is important in the regulation of water bal...

CAMERON, C. M., 1980. Effective immunization of lambs against enterotoxaemia. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 47, 287-289 (1980). In contrast to adult sheep, 2to 3-month-old lambs do not respond well to a single injection of Clostridium perfringens Type D oil adjuvant epsilon toxoid. This unresponsiveness can be overcome, however, by administering 2 injections of oil adjuvant vacc...

Experiments were conducted to compare clostridial antibody response of beef heifers that do and do not develop injection-site lesions, evaluate long-term antibody response of a single- and multiple-dose toxoid, and evaluate the ability of a clostridial toxoid to elicit an active antibody response in newborn calves. In Exp. 1, 37 weaned heifers were vaccinated (d 0) with a clostridial vaccine (A...

A rapidly fatal case of enteritis necroticans in a 24 year old man with diabetes was caused by Clostridium perfringens type C. The role of beta toxin in the disease is discussed. This type has not been previously described as a causative agent in necrotising bowel disease of man outside endemic areas.