Limited natural resources and unconscious consumption have led to a substantial increase in the rate of processing waste material instead raw materials recent years changed dynamics Supply Chain Management (SCM) by making industrial environment more competitive. The interest Closed Loop (CLSC) design optimization is increased with great care being taken reverse logistics order respond customer ...

The government plays a crucial role in regulating the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). We investigated reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) for manufacturer and subsidy (SM) collector CLSCs. government’s goal is to maximize social welfare. Based on centralized decentralized decision-making models without intervention, we developed two CLSC where rewards or penalizes subsidizes collector. Then, impact...