The Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP) is a joint project of the Canadian Paediatric Society and the Public Health Agency of Canada, which undertakes the surveillance of rare diseases and conditions in children and youth. For more information, visit our website at www.cpsp.cps.ca. CASE 1 A developmentally appropriate 14-year-old girl presented with a history of two generalized toni...

Intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (1-2 g/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (2-16 mg/kg) suppressed susceptibility to audiogenically induced, clonic-tonic seizures and antagonized forelimb tremor in rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal, 30 min after treatment. However, a smaller dose of ethanol (0.5 g/kg) actually increased clonic seizure frequency, suggesting that ethanol exerts a biphasic proconvulsan...

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of agmatine (an endogenous neuromodulator/neurotransmitter in the brain) on the protective action of numerous classical and second-generation antiepileptic drugs (clonazepam, ethosuximide, gabapentin, phenobarbital, tiagabine, vigabatrin, and valproate) in the mouse pentetrazole-induced clonic seizure model. The results indicate that agmatine (u...

BACKGROUND Postnatal treatment with caffeine from P7 to P11 (10 or 20 mg/kg daily) resulted in transient changes in two pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced models of epileptic seizures characterized by spike-and-wave EEG rhythm in immature rats. To know if some changes persist into adulthood we studied these models in young adult Wistar rats. METHODS Caffeine treatment at a daily dose of 10 and/...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...

We reported a 16-year-old girl, with diffuse vesicular rashes all over the body, presented to emergency department altered mental status, irritability, persistent fever and one episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After thorough evaluation investigations, case was varicella zoster-associated encephalitis in an unvaccinated patient. Appropriate treatment initiated, patient then shifted c...

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop) aqueous extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures and the hippocampus iNOS (induciblenitric oxide synthases) gene expression as a potential mediator of the effects. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were used. Tonic-clonic seizures were...

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by reduced volume of the brainstem and cerebellum. We report two male siblings who presented with early infantile clonic seizures, and then developed infantile spasms associated with prominent isolated cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using whole exome sequencing t...