2 Digitizer 1GHz clock generation and control 5 2.1 Digitizer clock control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Reference generation and coarse clock delay control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Phase locked-loop (PLL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.4 Digitizer clock fine delay control . . . . . . . . ...

A cyclic nature of quantum mechanical clock is discussed as “quantization of time.” Quantum mechanical clock is seen to be equivalent to the relativistic classical clock. John von Neumann proposed a problem [1] in 1932 in the footnote on page 6 of the English translation [2] of his book “Die Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik,” Springer-Verlag, Berlin: – in all attempts to develop a g...

Technology presented in the paper [1] allows validation of software architecture before component upgrades. This paper presents a case study of applying this method to the upgrade of a wireless monitoring system. The converged network of voice and data introduces reliability-critical applications to conventional IP networks. Examples of such applications include voice-over-IP (VoIP), messaging,...

Neuroethologists try to assign behavioral functions to certain brain centers, if possible down to individual neurons and to the expression of specific genes. This approach has been successfully applied for the control of circadian rhythmic behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Several so-called "clock genes" are expressed in specific neurons in the lateral and dorsal brain where th...

The serotonergic raphe nuclei of the midbrain are principal centers from which serotonin neurons project to innervate cortical and sub-cortical structures. The dorsal raphe nuclei receive light input from the circadian visual system and indirect input from the biological clock nuclei. Dysregulation of serotonin neurotransmission is implicated in neurobehavioral disorders, such as depression and...

Appropriate use of microsurgical techniques in the emergency management of injured hands increases the salvage rate of complex upper limb injuries. Over time, the indications for replantation, both major and minor, have expanded and techniques refined to get better functional outcomes. The wide choice of free flaps available has made primary reconstruction possible to obtain a good functional a...

The proliferation of smartphones and tablet computers has raised awareness of an important aspect of modern system design: energy usage can no longer be neglected when designing systems. Advances in battery technology are lagging behind other features like clock speed, memory, storage or bandwidth [3], which makes energy consumption a major issue in today’s systems. Not only portable devices, b...

Zebrafish tissues and cells have the unusual feature of not only containing a circadian clock, but also being directly light-responsive. Several zebrafish genes are induced by light, but little is known about their role in clock resetting or the mechanism by which this might occur. Here we show that Cryptochrome 1a (Cry1a) plays a key role in light entrainment of the zebrafish clock. Intensity ...

Awareness of the need for robustness in distributed systems increases as distributed systems become an integral part of day-to-day systems. Tolerating Byzantine faults and possessing self-stabilizing features are sensible and important requirements of distributed systems in general, and of a fundamental task such as clock synchronization in particular. There are efficient solutions for Byzantin...