Introduction: Recent advancement of intravascular technique has minimized the operative invasiveness. In rivalry with this technique, aneurysmal clipping has become less and less invasive. Hitherto, three less invasive surgical approaches as supraorbital keyhole approach, lateral supraorbital keyhole approach, and pterion keyhole approach, have been proposed for the clipping of the anterior cir...

-A new line clipping algorithm against convex window based on a new approach for intersection detection is presented. Theoretical comparisons with Cyrus-Beck's algorithm are shown together with experimental results obtained by simulations. The main advantage of the presented algorithm is the substantial acceleration of the line clipping problem solution and that edges can be oriented clockwise ...

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) is the dominant vegetation type in eastern Eurasian temperate grasslands but is decreasing due to the combined pressure of reduced precipitation and overgrazing. This study evaluated the separate and combined effects of precipitation and defoliation on net primary productivity (NPP) and composition of a L. chinensis steppe to promote the sustainable development of tempe...

Regulatory mechanisms of soil respiratory carbon (C) release induced by substrates (i.e., plant derived substrates) are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sampled soils from a long-term field manipulative experiment and conducted a laboratory incubation to explore the role of substrate supply in regulating...

Eight patients with ruptured aneurysms during induction anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation underwent an emergency "rescue clipping" of their lesion. Three patients died. Of the five survivors three made a good final recovery, one patient was moderately disabled and one remained in coma. Conservative management of this crisis is doomed to failure but the comparatively good outcome of the op...

New algorithms for 2D line clipping against convex, non-convex windows and windows that consist of l inear edges and arcs are being presented. Algorithms were derived from the Cohen-Sutherland 's and Liang-Barsky s algorithms. The general algorithm with linear edges and arcs can be used especially for engineering drafting systems. Algorithms are easy to modify in order to deal with holes too. T...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endovascular coiling therapy is increasingly popular for obliteration of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, but older patients face higher procedural risks and shorter periods during which an untreated aneurysm may rupture causing subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We assessed trends in clipping and coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, outcomes after clipping and coi...

OBJECTIVE The comparative effectiveness of the 2 treatment options-surgical clipping and endovascular coiling-for unruptured cerebral aneurysms remains an issue of debate and has not been studied in clinical trials. The authors investigated the association between treatment method for unruptured cerebral aneurysms and outcomes in elderly patients. METHODS The authors performed a cohort study of...