With the widespread use of mobile phones in the developing world, interactive voice response (IVR) systems are increasingly accessible to people with low literacy and/or limited financial resources. Interest in using IVR systems as a means to increase citizen participation in society has increased. Yet, research exploring the potential of IVRs—with particular affordances, constraints, and norms...

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Classification accuracy of single exams is well studied in the educational measurement literature. However, when making important decisions, such as certification decisions, one usually uses several exams: an exam set. This chapter elaborates on classification accuracy of exam sets. This is influenced by the shape of the ability distribution, the height of the standards, and the possibility for...

Methods for detecting item score patterns that are unlikely (aberrant) given that a parametric item response theory (IRT) model gives an adequate description of the data or given the responses of the other persons in the group are discussed. The emphasis here is on the latter group of statistics. These statistics can be applied when a nonparametric model is used to fit the data or when the data...

ketotifen is a benzocycloheptathiophene with a range of pharmacological activities. the present study was carried out to evaluate the action of ketotifen on isolated rat bladder contractions induced by kci and acetylcholine, compared with the effects of other drugs. ketotifen (5 µm) reduced the response to acetylcholine on rat isolated bladder without altering the maximum response and shifted t...

Extant research has typically relied on the use of political knowledge items or interviewer evaluations to measure the political sophistication of survey respondents. In this paper, I further develop Luskin’s approach to measuring sophistication using knowledge items, items based on recognition and understanding of ideological terms, and items based on correct candidate and party placements on ...

PURPOSE This study examined data equivalency and loss to follow-up rates from Internet and interactive voice response (IVR) system surveys in a prospective-cohort study. METHODS 475 limited-service restaurant workers participating in the 12-week study were given a choice to report their weekly slipping experience by either IVR or Internet. Demographic differences, loss to follow-up, self-repo...

This study presents a new measure of value systems, the Motivational Value Systems Questionnaire (MVSQ), which is based on a theory of value systems by psychologist Clare W. Graves. The purpose of the instrument is to help people identify their personal hierarchies of value systems and thus become more aware of what motivates and demotivates them in work-related contexts. The MVSQ is a forced-c...