objective: an increasing number of studies have reported on shifts in timing and length of the growing season, based on phonological, satellite and climatologically studies. changes in the timing and length of the growing season (gsl) may not only have far reaching consequences for plant and animal ecosystems, but persistent increases in gsl may lead to long-term increases in carbon storage and...

Climate is one of the most important factors that influence the quality and quantity of crops. Understanding the natural features of any region, especially about the climate, can play a major role in making plans and land use planning. Sugar beet, is one of the major industrial plants, that in addition to producing one of the most fundamental basic needs of society, namely sugar, it can have ot...

New accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon ages from gastropods in shore deposits within the pluvial Lake Chewaucan basin, combined with stratigraphical and geomorphological evidence, identify an abrupt rise and fall of lake level at ca. 12 14C ka. The lake-level high is coeval with lake-level lows in the well-dated records of palaeolakes Bonneville and Lahontan, and with a period of relativ...

There are indications that low rainfall, drought periods and famine become more frequent in West Africa. This may in part be a rather early expression of the effect of global warming but it is very likely that local factors such as drastic changes in land cover due to expanded cultivated area, as required by a growing population, play an important role. Before studying the causative mechanisms ...

NOVEMBER 2003 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | C LOUDS AND CLIMATE: A PROBLEM THAT REFUSES TO DIE. Clouds of many varieties fill the global atmosphere (Fig. 1). They are composed of drops and crystals with scales on the order of microns to millimeters. They are associated with convection and turbulence on scales of meters to kilometers. They are organized within mesoscale and synoptic-scale dy...

This study examines the characteristics of a large number of extreme rain events over the eastern two-thirds of the United States. Over a 5-yr period, 184 events are identified where the 24-h precipitation total at one or more stations exceeds the 50-yr recurrence amount for that location. Over the entire region of study, these events are most common in July. In the northern United States, extr...

in this article the relationship between the amount of seasonal rainfall (autumn, winter and spring) and climate indices in iran have been studied. the climate indices (the southern oscillation(soi),the north atlantic oscillation(nao), arctic oscillation(ao),nino 3/4,the multivariate enso index(mei),trans_ nino index(tni) and the pacific decadal oscillation(pdo) are used as independent variable...

climate is a multivariate system. every change in every climate variable could result in different changes in climate. recently, experts have paid extensive attention to frequency distribution sequence of climate elements. accordingly, many different indices have been defined. precipitation extremes can exhibit the phase space of climate system. a technique that can be used to analyze climate p...