Hop extract is a long used medicinal product and, regarding hormonal activities, in 1999 a number of prenylflavanones have been identified as its major constituents with 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) being the main active estrogenic compound. There have been several in vivo studies performed that demonstrate the potential of hop extract and the single compound 8-PN to alleviate climacteric symptoms...

Menopause refers to the cessation menstruation. It is a counterpart of menarche which marks the beginning of menstruation. The current understanding of the physiology of menopause is that there is a depletion of primary Oocytes in the ovary by atresia as an effect of aging coupled with decreased sensitivity of the remaining Oocyte to Gonadotropins. This is then reflected as a decrease in the le...

Flowers, as repeated modules on a plant, may show population dynamics that correspond to ecological models for population growth. We hypothesized that rate of flower production (birth rate), number of open flowers per day (population size) and flower duration (longevity) should be related to plant resource status. With dioecious species, resource demands of male or female function would contrib...