The concentration of human activities in urban areas has induced an increase in travel demand. This has brought urban transport systems to considerable levels of congestion, with negative environmental effects and external diseconomies leading to a poor quality of life. Therefore quantitative methods for urban network design have been developed in order to assure more effective results. The net...

Introduction: The leaky integrator is a key subsystem in pulse-mode artificial neuron implementations [1]. In most implementations reported to date this function has been implemented with the explicit use of integrated capacitors and with fixed time constants. More recently it has been noted that mimicking real biological systems is better accomplished if the integrator time constants are adapt...