Two new methods for the laser cleaning using a Q-swihed Nd:YAG laser have been developed and investigated. These offer increased efficiency and reduction in possible substrate damage for a wide range of substrate/encrustation combinations. In angular laser cleaning, it is shown that by controlling the angle of incidence of the cleaning laser, significant improvement in the efficiency of cleanin...

The manufacturing industry today uses many kinds of chemicals in its cleaning processes. The industrial cleaners often contain some sort of degreasing chemical to clean parts and components before the main processes, for instance assembly or surface treatment. These types of cleaning methods are often expensive and involve hazardous handling of chemicals in manufacturing, as well as in the tran...

This study assessed the effect of different etching time of hydrofluoric acid and ultrasonic cleaning of the etched ceramic surface on the resin microtensile bond strength stability to a feldspathic ceramic. The research hypotheses investigated were: (1) different etching time does not affect the adhesion resistance; (2) ultrasonic cleaning improves the adhesion resistance. Forty-eight (48) blo...

The cleaning and sanitation of milking equipment could be consider a critical point in the milking procedure because a cleaning failure could influence the level of bacteria contamination of bulk tank milk. Aim of the study is to monitor the cleaning procedures of milking systems in 7 dairy cows farms in Lombardy and to find a relation between efficacy of cleaning system and the bacterial quali...

objective: intrauterine insemination (iui) is known as a routine method for infertility treatment. the effectiveness of iui is not identical in all cases. so in this study to evaluate different methods of iui in order to increase pregnancy rate, iui with cleaning cervical canal by swab is compared to iui without cervical canal cleaning. material and methods: this study was conducted from 2008/2...

background central dialysate fluid delivery systems (cdds) are used by dialysis centers in japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. in japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have identified cleaners as a group at risk for adverse health effects of the skin and the respiratory tract. Chemical substances present in cleaning products could be responsible for these effects. Currently, only limited information is available about irritant and health hazardous chemical substances found in cleaning products. We hypothesized that chemi...

BACKGROUND Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are one of the most frequent complications occurring in healthcare facilities. Contaminated environmental surfaces provide an important potential source for transmission of many healthcare-associated pathogens, thus indicating the need for new and sustainable strategies. AIM This study aims to evaluate the effect of a novel cleaning procedure...

BACKGROUND Women employed in domestic cleaning are at increased risk for symptoms of obstructive lung disease, but the agents responsible are unknown. AIMS To investigate common tasks and products in occupational domestic cleaning in relation to respiratory morbidity. METHODS Case-control study in domestic cleaning women nested within a large population based survey of women aged 30-65 year...