The disposal of on-site construction imperfect earth materials and the production of standard engineering aggregates for backfill have been facing increasingly environmental and ecological challenges in many densely populated metropolitan areas. This paper presents an experimental study using soft excavated surplus clay to produce a clay-based controlled low strength material (CLSM) as subgrade...

1. The amount of free unfrozen water, i.e. water acting as normal solvent, in frog's muscle at temperatures below the initial freezing-point has been calculated from the vapour pressure isotherm of the muscle. 2. Significant amounts of free water are present at -20 degrees C. The total amount of unfrozen water at -20 degrees C. cannot, therefore, be taken as a measure of the bound water in musc...

The feces from the chicken artificia]ly infected with StronlTyloicies pavonis Sakam6to et Yamashita, 1970 were cultured on the clay plate in the Petri dish containing water at 280C. The adu}ts were collected from the surface of feces on the plate more than 48 hours after incubatioh. The infective larvae having migrated into water were collected from Lhe water around the clay plate 4 or 5 days a...

Transport properties in shales were investigated using experimental and computersimulation methods. First, an experimental method based on a transient pressuredecay technique was further developed and used instead of classical Darcy core-flood methods. This has allowed measurement of the permeability of tight shale samples on much shorter time scales than by conventional methods. Second, molecu...

[1] To investigate arsenic mobility in the Bengal Basin groundwater, we sampled water wells and sediments throughout the region. There are strong correlations among high levels of dissolved arsenic and iron, ammonia, and methane, especially in samples from a single site (Laxmipur). No linkage is seen between As and agricultural tracers such as phosphate. The association of As and Fe occurs beca...

The growth and biomass production by willow (Salix viminalis L.) was studied in lysimeters containing Oxford clay landfill cap soil with different amendments, bulk densities and watering regimes. Three years from planting, stem biomass in well-watered plants was least (0.28 kg plant(-1)) with high bulk density soil (1480 kg m(-3)) and no nutritional amendment but was increased 10-fold (2.53 kg ...

Immobilization of heavy metals from contaminated environments is an emerging field of interest from both resource conservation and environmental remediation points of view. This study investigated the feasibility of using phosphatic clay, a waste by-product of the phosphate mining industry, as an effective sorbent for Pb from aqueous effluents. The major parameters controlling aqueous Pb remova...

this study aimed to develop techniques for purification of cyanotoxins dissolved in water -particularly those produced by microcystis aeruginosa species - using natural clay, chemically modifiednatural clay, commercial clay and ion exchange and adsorbent resins. except for natural clay, chemical pretreatment was required to increase the adsorption capacity of the treatment materials. all the cl...

The design and tests of slow-release formulations of sulfometuron (SFM), an anionic sulfonylurea herbicide, are described. The formulations are based on incorporation of the herbicide in octadecyltrimethylammonium (ODTMA) micelles, which adsorb on a clay mineral, montmorillonite. An optimization of herbicide/micelle clay ratios yielded high adsorption of SFM (95%), and at a 1% (w/w) water suspe...