During civil wars, some communities raise self-defense militias to protect themselves from insurgent predation, but these can end up mutating into predatory organizations. The extant literature has focused chiefly on the propensity of state-created and mostly overlooked why community-created segue organizations while others eschew predation altogether. This study explains this phenomenon, drawi...

This manual describes the basic principles of the Military Grid Reference System and the nonstandard reference systems. It describes the method for determining references on maps and charts at scales of 1:1,000,000 and larger. It contains identifications for the grid zone designations and for the 100,000 meter squares of the Universal Transverse Mercator Grid and the Universal Polar Sterographi...

Wallace Ruddell Aykroyd (1899–1979) had an English father, whose business was in Ireland, and an Irish mother. He attended high school in England as a boarder and then joined the Royal Air Force. After the end of World War I he returned to Ireland for medical studies at Trinity College, Dublin (1,2). In 1924 he graduated as Bachelor of Medicine and also received the Vice-Chancellor’s Prize for ...

Introduction The defense of insanity has been a source of debate since its inception. In theory, this defense is a natural result of the requirement basic to the criminal law that, to find guilt, there must be a guilty mind. 1 In practice, implementation of this concept through the insanity defense has led to many complex problems. The result is a continuing controversy within and between the l...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a great technological success story. It was developed by the Department of Defense (DoD) primarily for the U.S. military to provide precise estimates of position, velocity, and time. Civil use was a secondary objective. On the basis of national security considerations, the civil users of GPS have been limited to a purposefully degraded subset of the signal...

This article is devoted to the analysis of sources field civil procedural law Ukraine and outline role court precedent among them. A schematic normative legal acts, international treaties, customs judicial acts as carried out. The importance noted, where norms law, which systematically regulate procedure for consideration resolution cases, are located most. An codified non-codified laws out, it...

The development of occupational therapy was heavily influenced by an early evolved relationship between orthopedists and reconstruction aides during the first World War. Orhopedists were largely responsible for both the presence of occupational therapy in the war and the eventual acceptance (by army personnel) of women fulfilling this military function. As a result of gender issues of that time...

This research describes the design and evaluation of screening smoke compositions based on red phosphorus (RP), in open field conditions. In defense applications, is used for both signaling screening. Defense forces use over their operational areas to conceal positions activities from ground or air observation performed by enemy. this research, various optimized charges RP were prepared tested ...