The effect of glucose load on the levels of blood glucose, serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver citrate was investigated in carbontetrachloride-intoxicated (injured) rats and compared with non-intoxicated controls. The citrate level in the liver from injured animals showed 15-fold of the value of the control. Glucose load on these animals caused gradual decrease in the citrate leve...

The mediated transport of citrate in Aerobacter aerogenes was studied. According to data obtained by examining the distribution of radioactive citrate at room temperature and at 0 C, a carrier system appears to be located on the membrane. The carrier system is inducible and very specific, not acting on the related compounds isocitrate and cis-aconitate. Induction required synthesis of both ribo...

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 converted small amounts of citrate to diacetyl, other volatile compounds, and lipids. Citrate was accumulated passively by the organism. The presence of citrate in the growth medium decreased the uptake of acetate and its conversion to cellular lipids. Cells grown in citrate media contained more protein per cell than did controls. This increased protein content was ...

A series of experiments was performed to test the proposal of others that citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) regulates the rate of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver. The results show that, in recovery from fasting, fatty acid synthesis increased markedly without change in citrate cleavage enzyme activity. After the administration of alloxan, fatty acid synthesis decreased prior to any change ...

BACKGROUND It has been known for more than 70 years that citrate is a major component of bone; comprising 1-2% weight of bone, and a concentration that is ~5-25-fold greater than the citrate concentration of most other tissues. This relationship exists in humans and in all vertebrates; which reveals that it is an indispensible and essential structural/functional component of bone. However, its ...

Citrate metabolism in Leuconostoc mesenteroides subspecies mesenteroides is associated with the generation of a proton motive force by a secondary mechanism (C. Marty-Teysset, C. Posthuma, J. S. Lolkema, P. Schmitt, C. Divies, and W. N. Konings, J. Bacteriol. 178:2178-2185, 1996). The pathway consists of four steps: (i) uptake of citrate, (ii) splitting of citrate into acetate and oxaloacetate,...

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase was isolated from rat liver by polyethylene glycol precipitation and avidin affinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of the enzyme gives one protein band (Mr 250,000). Phosphate analysis of the carboxylase showed the presence of 8.3 mol of phosphate/mol of subunit (Mr 250,000). The purified carboxylase has low activity in the absence of citrate (spe...

The important role of lymphocytes in humoral and cell-mediated immunity indicates that they need a readily available intracellular source of energy. Here, we demonstrate that these cells contain enzymes involved in citrate formation. The citrate is oxidized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle to furnish energy. A newly devised, simple radiometric method was used to determine the condensation o...