Background: According to national laws and world experiences; provision, maintenance, and improving citizens’ health are considered to be the essential functions of municipalities as a “social institute”. In order to equitably promote health conditions at urban level, particularly in marginal areas, since 2004 targeted efforts have been implemented in the municipality of Tehra...

I n 2012, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) teamed up with the de Beaumont Foundation to cofund the Big Cities Health Coalition (BCHC), which now comprises 20 city and county health departments across the country, including in the 10 largest metropolitan areas. Two additional large metropolitan health departments were invited to join the BCHC in 2014. Together, these 20 health departmen...

AIMS We surveyed the state of implementation of the school-based fluoride mouth-rinsing programme (S-FMR) in schools in Japan from March 2010. METHODS Questionnaires on the implementation status of S-FMR in each type of school (including preschool and kindergarten) were sent by post to the oral health administration departments of all 47 prefectures and 89 cities (18 ordinance-designated citi...

BACKGROUND Even in high-income countries some population groups depend on food banks to support their food intake. We aimed to explore and compare health and nutritional status of food bank clients (Tafel e.V.) in different cities in Germany. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, self-reported health and nutritional status of food bank clients living in three cities (Berlin - capital, Ludwigsbu...

In Brazil, the presence of Aedes aegypti is found in all regions and federal units of the country. A figure that shows the seriousness of the problem is the large number of infested cities in the country. Data provided by State Departments of Health shows that in just over a decade (1996-2009), there was a significant increase in the number of cities infested, from 1,753 cities in 1996 to just ...

Policies that stimulate active transportation (walking and bicycling) have been related to heath benefits. This study aims to assess the potential health risks and benefits of promoting active transportation for commuting populations (age groups 16-64) in six European cities. We conducted a health impact assessment using two scenarios: increased cycling and increased walking. The primary outcom...

City environmental conditions are associated with health outcomes in people living there. World Health Organization (WHO) initiated Healthy City in 1986. To promote the networking, Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) was launched in 2003 with local offices including AFHC Japan. As of 2010, 26 cities are members of AFHC Japan. A questionnaire was sent to those member cities. It includes questions...