Background: The harmful components of tobacco smoke nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide affect different haematological parameters. Heroin affects almost every system of the body including blood and its components. The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of cigarette smoking and heroin abuse on haematological parameters especially erythrocyte indices. Method: The present stu...

This paper presents a rational addiction model, which integrates the addictive behavior of smokers toward cigarette consumption and the dynamic, profitmaximizing behavior of an oligopoly of cigarette producers. This model is tested on a panel data for eleven western states over the period of 1967-1990, using simultaneous estimation techniques. The results suggest the following conclusions: firs...

Menthol is the only tobacco additive promoted and advertised by the tobacco industry. Although a considerable body of research has examined the effects of menthol when it is administered alone and unburned, the effects of menthol when burned in cigarette smoke are more complex because it is administered in a matrix of more than 4,000 substances. Therefore, it is difficult to isolate potential p...

We examine differences between college students and non-students with respect to orientation toward e-cigarettes. Participants were U.S. adults 18-24 (465 students, 409 non-students). Data collection employed an online survey by GfK Custom Research. Smoking, vaping, and use of alternate tobacco were assessed, as were variables from the Theory of Reasoned Action and Diffusion of Innovations. Thi...

the narcotic drugs business find its abusement, nowadays, have been one of the most basic political, economic, health, cultural anti-family disorders in almost all over the world. despite all technologic anti cultural developments, it seems that the tendency and interest of producers, distributors and users of these drugs in all different age levels are growing up increasingly. unfortunately, t...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use among medical students in Canada. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use among medical students, assess their perceived level of education about tobacco addiction management and their preparedness to address tobacco use with their future patients. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was...

INTRODUCTION Cigar tobacco contains the highly addictive drug nicotine in concentrations similar to those observed in cigarettes; however, since most cigars contain more tobacco, they also contain more nicotine than cigarettes. Most cigar smokers do not inhale cigar smoke, and those who do inhale far less than typical cigarette smokers (Chapter 4). The pH of the smoke from most cigars is suffic...

C smoking among adults has remained at about 20.8% since 2004 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2005b). Those most likely to smoke include men, adults less than age 40, and those living below the poverty line. American Indians/ Alaskan Natives smoke at a much higher rate (32.4%) than nonHispanic Blacks (23.0%), non-Hispanic Whites (21.9%), or Hispanics (15.2%). Cigarette smokin...

Adolescence encompasses a sensitive developmental period of enhanced clinical vulnerability to nicotine, tobacco, and e-cigarettes. While there are sociocultural influences, data at preclinical and clinical levels indicate that this adolescent sensitivity has strong neurobiological underpinnings. Although definitions of adolescence vary, the hallmark of this period is a profound reorganization ...