Background. Angiogenesis is involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leading to leucocyte recruitment and inflammation in the synovium. Furthermore, synovial inflammation itself further potentiates endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the reciprocical relationship between synovial inflammation and angiogenesis in a RA model, namely collagen-induced arth...

Increasing numbers of programmers find that they must work on large software systems that they did not write and do not entirely understand. In this situation it is necessary for the programmer to build a working model of the system's design. The process of constructing a working design model from studying the source code may be called software archaeology. This paper demonstrates how software ...

Correspondence: Thomas H Tarter Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19665, Springfield, IL 62794-9665, US. Tel +1 217 545 7390 Fax +1 217 545 7305 email [email protected] Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a frequent cause of lower urinary symptoms, with a prevalence of 50% by the sixth decade of life. Hyperplasia of stromal and epithelial ...

In his preface to Vietnam Declassified, Thomas Ahern writes that when he left Vietnam in 1965, “I knew we were losing, but I had no idea why the Saigon government was in retreat in the countryside, and the VC ascendant.”(12) In this book, originally published internally in 2001 as a classified history entitled CIA and Rural Pacification in South Vietnam, Ahern provides many answers, formed with...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of sensory neurons in ankle joints and adjacent tissue to the development of pain in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to determine the relationship between pain and the appearance of clinical signs. METHODS Mechanical and heat hypersensitivity and hind paw swelling were assessed in Lewis rats before and until 18 days following collagen immunization....

IL-12 can promote Th1 responses, and early administration of IL-12 during immunization was shown to enhance expression of autoimmune collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We now studied the impact of IL-12 at the stage of disease expression and during established CIA in DBA-1 mice. Accelerated onset and enhanced severity were provoked when i.p. injections of 100 ng of murine IL-12 (mIL-12) were giv...

Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Acute C. jejuni-mediated disease (campylobacteriosis) involves C. jejuni invasion of host epithelial cells using adhesins (e.g., CadF and FlpA) and secreted proteins [e.g., the Campylobacter invasion antigens (Cia)]. The genes encoding the Cia proteins are up-regulated upon co-culture of C. jejuni with epithelial ce...

OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 antibody-conjugated gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA-anti-ICAM-1) as a targeted contrast agent for the molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS THREE GROUPS OF MICE WERE USED: non-arthritic normal, CIA mice in both the early inflamma...

Binary trust-region steepest descent (BTR) and combinatorial integral approximation (CIA) are two recently investigated approaches for the solution of optimization problems with distributed binary-/discrete-valued variables (control functions). We show improved convergence results BTR by imposing a compactness assumption that is similar to theory CIA. As corollary we conclude also constitutes a...

OBJECTIVE Current approaches offer no cures for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulating evidence has revealed that manipulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) may have the potential to control or even prevent RA, but BM-MSC-based therapy faces many challenges, such as limited cell availability and reduced clinical feasibility. This study in mice with established collage...