background & aim: episiotomy is a common medical procedure for widening the perineum. in fact, perineal pain is the most common complaint after episiotomy. therefore, it is important to determine factors associated with postoperative pain following episiotomy in order to provide comfort for women after delivery. this study aimed to investigate factors associated with postoperative pain followin...

background prevention or management of pain is an important objective in root canal treatment. post-endodontic pain has always been an important concern for patients and clinicians. informing patients regarding the possibility of postendodontic pain and drug administration for its management can improve their trust in dentists, raise their pain threshold and increase their tendency to seek furt...

objectives the aim of the present study was to assess and compare the efficiency of lidocaine 0.4% and 2% in reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain. background propofol is one of common anesthetic drugs used in anesthesia. the most common side effects of propofol are local pain. pretreatment with lidocaine can reduce propofol injection pain. patients and methods this was...

conclusions according to the results of the current study, postoperative analgesia in children was improved in the ketamine group. therefore, for better management of posttonsillectomy pain, low-dose ketamine administration with paracetamol is recommended. results there was no significant difference between the two groups considering demographic data (age, sex distribution, weight and height). ...

introduction: chest pain is a common compliant in children and adolescents visiting the clinic. we assess and analyze the etiology of chest pain among children referred a pediatric cardiology clinic in cardiac center in south west of iran.materials and methods: we assessed children with chest pain who visited our medical center during march 2013 to april 2014. any case of trauma associated ches...

abstract introduction: primary dysmenorrhea is common in women during reproductive age. objective: this study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure on sixth spleen point (sp6) on relief of primary dysmenorrhea. methods: this study is a clinical trial. students with primary dysmenorrheal living in dormitory were studied during three menstrual cycles. pain intensity was measured on the fir...

abstract background : pain is one of the main protests of inflammatory diseases, hence, understanding the mechanisms which involved in the induction and persistence of pain is essential. microglia is a contributing factor in the onset and maintenance of inflammation. increased microglial   activation increases the level of central pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of central sensit...