background: exercise is a widely prescribed treatment for chronic low back pain. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks exercise on pain, disability and endurance of trunk flexor-extensor muscles in female with chronic idiopathic low back pain. methods: this clinical trial study has been done on 12 patients who referred to the arak city clinics. the function o...

Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) is a natural compound that is used mainly in numerous food preparations. During the last few decades, ACV has been used for various therapeutic purposes in different countries. One of its main applications by people in Iran and other countries has been as an oral traditional remedy to control chronic pain in arthritis. In this study, ACV’s effects on acute and chronic ...

Background Vitamin D supplementation has been suggested as a part of an interdisciplinary approach for the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents. This study aimed to compare vitamin D serum levels in Iranian children with chronic musculoskeletal pain with and without hypermobility. Materials and Methods: </s...

Objective: Headache is one of the common complaints of referral patients. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with headache is significant. The previous researches suggested the role of self-efficacy of pain in modifying psychological symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. The current study aimed at investigating the role of self-efficacy beliefs of pain in psych...