An 88-year-old man, who was a chronic smoker with history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cervical myelopathy, hypertension, pulmonary tuberculosis, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease, was admitted because of an episode of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and non-syncopal fall with head injury. Upon admission, the Glasgow Coma Scale was full, ther...