OBJECTIVE To perform an evidence-based review of the safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the treatment of autonomic and urologic disorders and low back and head pain. METHODS A literature search was performed including MEDLINE and Current Contents for therapeutic articles relevant to BoNT and the selected indications. Authors reviewed, abstracted, and classified articles bas...

s of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Migraine Headache In 2003, Blumenfeld (32) reported on the efficacy of BT-A in reducing headache frequency and intensity in a retrospective, open-label analysis that included 271 patients. All participants had disabling, chronic migraine. BT-A was administered at an average, fixed dose of 63.2 U either at a fixed site or in a pattern that followed the pain. A resp...

Abstract Background Headache is the most common pain disorder , affecting around 66% of global population. This study aimed to investigate efficacy high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating patients with primary chronic daily headaches (chronic tension-type headache and migraine). Methods Twenty-seven participated study, divided into 2 groups: a group (16 pa...

Chronic daily headache and chronic (transformed) migraine (TM) patients represent more than one third of the subjects seen in specialized headache centers. Most of these patients may overuse symptomatic medications (SM) taken on a daily basis to relieve headache and associated symptoms. The conversion to the daily or near-daily pattern of headache presentation is thought to be related to the me...

Objective: Headache is one of the common complaints of referral patients. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with headache is significant. The previous researches suggested the role of self-efficacy of pain in modifying psychological symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. The current study aimed at investigating the role of self-efficacy beliefs of pain in psych...

With great interest, I have read the review article entitled “New advances in prevention of migraine”, by Khalid W. Al-Quliti and Ekhlas S. Assaedi published in the Neurosciences.1 I would like to mention in this correspondence the value of prescribing vitamin D to migraine patients. There is no doubt that vitamin D supplementation as a hormone or as nutraceuticals has a place in the management...

Objective: Tension-type headache is the most frequent type of headache. Considering the effectiveness of Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in treatment of some types of headache, the effect of valerian root was studied in patients with tension-type headache. Materials and Methods: The current study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial that ...

Headache is one of the most common medical complaints of humankind that occurs in all age groups and is the seventh leading reason for medical office visits. The most common cause of chronic headache is migraine that affects an estimated 10-15% of the population. However, many drugs are useful for treatment of headache, current conventional medications have many side effects. Therapeutic trials...