RATIONALE Renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) are benign tumors containing a mixture of cells with features of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CHRCC) and renal oncocytoma (RO). Sporadic HOCT, which means HOCT occurs in patients without Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) or renal oncocytosis, is extremely rare. In this article, we would report a new case of a patient with both sporad...

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a histopathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease with the chromophobe subtype (chRCC) accounting for approximately 5% of all cases. The median overall survival of advanced RCC has improved significantly since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. However, high-quality evidence for the use...