The cholera enterotoxin produces intestinal secretion associated with an elevation of tissue levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monosphosphate (cAMP). The objectives of this study were to determine whether intestinal secretion and cAMP elevation induced by cholera toxin could be prevented, or once initiated, reversed by nicotinic acid, an agent known...

follows. 1.?Is cholera developed in India spontaneously, and is it always produced in other countries by transmission from abroad ? 2?Is it capable of being transmitted by travellers from one country another ? 3.?Can it be transmitted by articles used by cholera Patients? 4.?Can it be transmitted by provisions? 5.?Can it transmitted by living animals, or the corpses of animals who ^ave died fro...

OBJECTIVE To study the drug sensitivity pattern of cholera in children. SETTING DTU of Civil Hospital, Karachi. PATIENTS AND METHODS All children age 2 months to 15 years attending Diarrhoea Treatment Unit (DTU) with acute onset of diarrhoea and dehydration were screened for cholera. Stool samples were collected in alkaline peptone and those positive for cholera had their antibiotic sensiti...

Significance Two major serotypes of Vibrio cholerae circulate globally and cause pandemic cholera, but how infection or vaccination with each serotype impacts immune responses subsequent protection against future by the pathogen is not well-known. We engineered matched variants a new oral cholera vaccine candidate, HaitiV, to investigate effect variation on immunogenicity protective efficacy. O...

BACKGROUND During epidemic periods, the strain Vibrio cholera El Tor has been isolated from the aquatic macrophyte roots of Eichhornia crassipens and Lemna minor, suggesting that aquatic plants could be environmental reservoirs through either a non-specific association or a commensalism relationship. Therefore, it is important to understand V. cholera reservoirs in order to establish prevention...

BACKGROUND Cholera has persisted in Ghana since its introduction in the early 70's. From 1999 to 2005, the Ghana Ministry of Health officially reported a total of 26,924 cases and 620 deaths to the WHO. Etiological studies suggest that the natural habitat of V. cholera is the aquatic environment. Its ability to survive within and outside the aquatic environment makes cholera a complex health pr...

BACKGROUND Although advances in rehydration therapy have made cholera a treatable disease with low case-fatality in settings with appropriate medical care, cholera continues to impose considerable mortality in the world's most impoverished populations. Internationally licensed, killed whole-cell based oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) have been available for over a decade, but have not been used for...

1598 Vol 350 • November 29, 1997 35% relative to the first trimester, in contrast to the 16% average decrease in the years 1993–96. During the third trimester of 1997, the number of cases of diarrhoea decreased, yet were still 25% above the figures seen in previous years for the same trimester. In Peru and neighbouring countries affected by El Niño— Chile, Ecuador, and Colombia—we anticipate an...