corporations have a key role in economic development, growth of national security and financial competition. the key of power is in economy. so in the global village, the economic competition replaces military conflict. a new concept in criminal justice is corporate crime. these crimes as a kind of white collar crime are studied in light of critical criminology findings of this study shows that...

The present paper introduces a new approach to the the theory of voting in the context of binary collective choice, which seeks to define a dynamic optimal voting rule by using insights derived from the mathematical theory of information. In order to define such a voting rule, a method of defining a real-valued measure of the weight of independent opinion of an arbitrary set of voters is sugges...

Preference Theory tells us that individuals who can express opinions about the various alternatives available to them will act as if they are maximizing a utility function. It is important to remember that this isn’t meant to be a description of what people actually do when they make decisions. Obviously people don’t consciously maximize anything when they make choices. Consumers who never got ...

We consider a set X of alternatives. Alternatives are mutually exclusive in the sense that one cannot choose two distinct alternatives at the same time. We also take the set of feasible alternatives exhaustive so that a player’s choices will always be defined. Note that this is a matter of modeling. For instance, if we have options Coffee and Tea, we define alternatives as C = Coffee but no Tea...

In this paper we use catastrophe theory to analyse situations in which agents with similar characteristics and objectives and facing identical or similar environments make choices which are considerably different. We first provide two simple analytical examples of this phenomenon and then set up a general framework to which we apply the classification theorem of catastrophe theory.

Historically, cognitivists considered moral choices to be determined by analytic processes. Recent theories, however, have emphasized the role of intuitive processes in determining moral choices. We propose that the engagement of analytic and intuitive processes is contingent on the type of tradeoff being considered. Specifically, when a tradeoff necessarily violates a moral principle no matter...

Three branches of the string theory landscape have plausibly been identified. One of these branches is expected to exhibit a roughly logarithmic distribution of supersymmetry breaking scales. The original KKLT models are in this class. We argue that certain features of the KKLT model are generic to this branch, and that the resulting phenomenology depends on a small set of discrete choices. As ...

In these notes, I will summarize the basic ideas in choice theory, which you must be familiar with from 14.121. I will describe three ways of modeling individual choice, namely choice function, preference, and utility maximization. I will present the conditions under which one can use each model. One can always use choice functions in modeling a decision maker’s choice at a given situation. In ...

The paper compares three portfolio optimization models. Modern portfolio theory (MPT) is a short-horizon volatility model. The relevant time horizon is the sampling interval. MPT is myopic and implies that investors are not concerned with long-term variance or mean-reversion. Intertemporal portfolio choice is a multiple period model that revises portfolios continuously in response to relevant s...