Experimental measurements of the thermal expansion coefficient (alpha), permeability (k), and diffusivity (D) of water and 1 M solutions of NaCl and CaCl(2) are interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of water in a 3 nm gap between glass plates. MD shows that there is a layer approximately 6 A thick near the glass surface that has alpha approximately 2.3 times higher and...

DE MELLO, WALMOIC CARLOS. Role of chloride ions in cardiac action and pacemaker potentials. Am. J. Physiol. 205(s) : 567-575. 1 g63.-Evidence is presented that chloride ions are able to carry an appreciable amount of electric charge through the membrane of atria1 muscle fibers, Purkinje fibers, and fibers of the S-A nodal pacemaker. An increase in the slope of diastolic depolarization of pacema...

1. The release of catecholamines (CA) from rat adrenal incubated in vivo in Locke solution was studied. 2. Acetylcholine-induced release of CA and CA release by 56 mM KCl were inhibited by verapamil and lanthanum chloride which block calcium permeability. 3. CA secretion induced by salbutamol or by theophylline was unaffected by either verapamil or lanthanum chloride. 4. Dantrolene-sodium inhib...

Previously, the only known blockers of water permeability through aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channels were mercurial reagents such as HgCl(2). For AQP1, inhibition by mercury has been attributed to the formation of a mercaptide bond with cysteine residue 189 found in the putative pore-forming region loop E. Here we show that the nonmercurial compound, tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloride, reduces th...

The evolved endocrine response after injury leads to sodium, chloride, and water retention at a time when large volumes of sodium containing fluids are given to maintain the circulation and preserve tissue oxygenation. Sodium, chloride, and water are also retained because of increased systemic vascular permeability to plasma proteins, especially albumin, which sequesters fluid in the interstiti...

The circadian pattern of aqueous formation and the effect of timolol on aqueous flow was studied in 12 patients with cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a disease characterized by a defect in a chloride channel-associated regulatory protein found in epithelial cells. Improper regulation of these chloride channels, causes abnormal composition of exocrine secretions, including respiratory tract, ...

Changes in intracellular chloride concentration, mediated by chloride influx through GABA(A) receptor-gated channels, may modulate GABA(B) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (GABA(B) IPSPs) via unknown mechanisms. Recording from CA3 pyramidal cells in hippocampal slices, we investigated the impact of chloride influx during GABA(A) receptor-mediated IPSPs (GABA(A) IPSPs) on the...

The identification of ANO1/TMEM16A as the likely calcium-dependent chloride channel of exocrine glands has led to a more detailed understanding of its biophysical properties. This includes a calcium-dependent change in channel selectivity and evidence that HCO3 (-) permeability can be significant. Here we use freshly isolated pancreatic acini that preserve the luminal structure to measure intra...

The study was carried out with the influence of four Bacillus species, namely subtilis (BS), licheniformis (BL), halodurans (BH), and cereus (BC), in order to improve impermeable nature concrete. selected bacterial agents were cultured according nutrient broth medium method prepared two variable cell concentrations 108 109. In this study, bacteria used different modes, i.e., as an additive conc...