Organotin cations (R3Sn+) form electrically neutral ion pairs with monovalent anions. It is demonstrated that the tin derivatives induce exchange diffusion of chloride in red cells and resealed ghosts, without any detectable increase of membrane permeability to net movements of chloride ions. The obligatory anion exchange is believed to be due to the permeation of electroneural ion pairs, where...

In this contribution, the Co doped SnO2 transparent semi-conducting films are prepared by spray pyrolysis technique and the influence of N2-and Ar-ambient annealing on their structural, electrical and optical properties are studied. The SnO2:Co thin films were deposited on the glass substrate at substrate temperature of 480 ˚C using an aqueous-ethanol solution consisting of tin and cobalt chlor...

one of the most important and serious disorders of gastrointestinal tract is acute pancreatitis which in severe form is associated with high mortality rate particularly in the presence of systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ failure. apoptosis linked to oxidative stress has been shown in the pancreas of the patients with acute pancreatitis. lithium, one of the most effective drugs ...

Cytotoxicity of cadmium sulphide, oxide and chloride was tested using A549 and CHO-9 cells. Metabolic activity of cells (MTT test) and cell membrane permeability (NRU test) were used as cytotoxicity endpoints. The results revealed unexpectedly low toxicity of cadmium sulphide as compared to chloride and oxide. This preliminary report does not provide any explanation for this effect, but the res...

The study was undertaken to investigate the possible correlation of total volume of mitochondria per cell with the rate of succinate oxidation in isolated nerve cell bodies, after various functional stresses in the experimental animals. Significant cytological effects were found in the nerve cells of the supraoptic nucleus in rats which had been thirsting for 4-12 days or had been given 2% sodi...

Certain forms of myotonia, a condition characterized by delayed relaxation of muscle secondary to sarcolemmal hyperexcitability, are caused by diminished chloride conductance in the muscle cell membrane. We have investigated the molecular basis for decreased muscle chloride conductance in the myotonic goat, an historically important animal model for the elucidation of the role of chloride in mu...

The generation of action potentials in excitable cells requires selective ion channels that open and close upon changes in membrane potential. Initially, cell excitabil-ity was mainly studied in neuronal axons, and in this particular cell compartment, electrical excitability is almost exclusively governed by cation channels. For many years, voltage-dependent anion channels were thought to be of...

BACKGROUND Chloride is the major anion in cells, with many diseases arising from disordered Cl- regulation. For the non-invasive investigation of Cl- flux, YFP-H148Q and its derivatives chameleon and Cl-Sensor previously were introduced as genetically encoded chloride indicators. Neither the Cl- sensitivity nor the pH-susceptibility of these modifications to YFP is optimal for precise measureme...

the reaction of barium chloride with 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid in water led to the formation of a novelpolymeric complex formulated as {[ba2(hpydc)2(pydc)(h20)3].h20.(h2pydc)}.(i). the crystal structure of (i)was characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction method. the complex was crystallized in the monoclinicsystem with space group p2/c, with four molecule in unit-cell, e.g z=4. the...

background: cadmium chloride which is potentially toxic is currently used in industry. the toxic effects of cadmium on testes have been reported to range from apoptosis to necrosis, with different effects on fertility. this research aimed to study the effect of different doses of cadmium on testicular tissues at acute stage by light and electron microscopy. methods: cadmium chloride was injecte...