A radioenzymatic assay and a "high-performance" liquid chromatographic assay for chloramphenicol were compared by using 52 patient specimens, 24 mock unknowns, and 13 quality control samples. Both methods were found to be rapid, precise, accurate, and sensitive, and either would be suitable for monitoring chloramphenicol concentrations in small volumes of serum. Linear regression analysis of se...

a) Thiamphenicol chemical structure differs from that of chloramphenicol in having a sulpho-group instead of a nitro-group; consequently the two compounds have different metabolic pathways. In fact thiamphenicol, unlike chloramphenicol, is not an optimal substrate for the hepatic microsomal enzyme glucuronyl transferase and therefore more than 95% of the administered dose is excreted unchanged ...

Ivermectin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline HCl are common drugs in human and veterinary practice. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible binding interactions between ivermectin and the antibiotics chloramphenicol, ampicillin and tetracycline HCl. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the binding interactions between ivermectin and these antibioti...

1. Chloramphenicol has a stimulatory effect on the incorporation of radioactive phosphate into the RNA of perfused rat-liver slices, whole liver homogenates or the liver-cell suspensions, and no effect on the incorporation of [(14)C]adenine and [(14)C]uracil into the RNA of the tissue slices. 2. Chloramphenicol completely inhibits the incorporation of labelled adenine and uracil into the RNA of...

is well established that chloramphenicol reduces the ultraviolet-induced 'Lutation rate in bacteria, as first reported by WITKIN (1956). In view of the importance of this discovery in its bearing on the mutational event, it was considered desirable to determine whether chloramphenicol had a similar effect in higher organisms, and in particular in Drosophila. Interest in the problem at hand is n...

We conducted a randomized open trial of oral chloramphenicol (50mg/kg/day in four divided doses for 14 days) versus ofloxacin (15 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 3 days) in 50 adults with culture-confirmed uncomplicated typhoid fever in Vientiane, Laos. Patients had been ill for a median (range) of 8 (2-30) days. All Salmonella enterica serotype typhi isolates were nalidixic acid-sensitive, ...

The apparent body clearance of chloramphenicol was investigated in 21 hospitalized adult patients on 27 occasions. Apparent body clearance was found to be significantly lower (1.99 +/- 1.49 ml/min per kg) in patients with total serum bilirubin concentrations of >1.5 mg/100 ml than in patients with serum bilirubin concentrations of </=1.5 mg/100 ml (3.57 +/- 1.72 ml/min per kg; P < 0.001). Serum...

cat-86 is a plasmid gene specifying chloramphenicol-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in Bacillus subtilis. Inducibility has been suggested to result primarily from activation of the translation of cat-86 mRNA by subinhibitory levels of chloramphenicol. To directly test the involvement of transcription in cat-86 induction, the gene was transcriptionally activated with a stron...

Purpose The aims of the study were to (i) quantify the sales of over-the-counter (OTC) ophthalmic chloramphenicol from all community pharmacies in Wales and investigate the impact on primary care prescriptions up to five years after reclassification and (ii) investigate the temporal relationship between items supplied OTC and on NHS primary care prescriptions. Methods Primary care prescription ...

Plasmid-encoded fusidic acid resistance in Escherichia coli is mediated by a common variant of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.28), an enzyme which is an effector of chloramphenicol resistance. Resistance to chloramphenicol is a consequence of acetylation of the antibiotic catalysed by the enzyme and the failure of the 3-acetoxy product to bind to bacterial ribosomes. Cell-free coup...