BACKGROUND Acute confusional migraine (ACM) is considered a rare migraine variant primarily seen in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS We present a series of eight adults and two adolescents suffering from migraine attacks associated with transient confusional states. RESULTS Eight patients reported two or more such attacks. One of them reported mild head trauma in the past. One...

In 1991 the Clinical Trials Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (IHS) developed and published its first edition of the Guidelines on controlled trials of drugs in episodic migraine because only quality trials can form the basis for international collaboration on drug therapy, and these Guidelines would 'improve the quality of controlled clinical trials in migraine'. With the curr...

Introduction A growing body of literature has shown an association between somatic symptoms and insecure "attachment style." In a recent study, we found a relationship between migraine severity, ambivalent attachment style, and psychological symptoms in children/adolescents. There is evidence that caregivers' attachment styles and their way of management/expression of emotions can influence chi...

BACKGROUND Headaches are a common problem in paediatric practice. Recurrent headaches can be a significant source of stress for patient and parents, and disruptive regarding school obligations and parental work responsibilities. Most treatment interventions are developed from research data extrapolated from adult studies, with resultant concerns of safety and efficacy when utilizing these thera...

Primary headaches are common disorders among children and adolescents; tension type headaches (TTH) and migraine being the most frequent types. This paper reviews the literature and summarizes the knowledge regarding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that cause headaches, mainly TTH and migraine, discusses the diagnostic criteria for primary headaches, and the different moralities fo...

The early modern scientific work on pediatric pain emanated mostly from postwar Europe and was focused on recurrent pains. The seminal work was by Vahlquist [25,26], and later by Bille [10] in Sweden. Vahlquist’s research on pediatric headache in Stockholm and Bille’s doctoral dissertation, a large-scale epidemiologic study of the children of Uppsala, laid the foundation for the many subsequent...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on children and adolescents with migraine. Methods: This longitudinal cohort enrolled migraine from Department Pediatric Neurology at our hospital January 2017 June 2021. Self-reported data individual headache diaries were used. patients questioned about their frequency intensity, stress, phys...

The diagnosis of migraine headache in childhood rests on criteria similar to those used in migraine in adults. It is important, however, to appreciate several fundamental differences. These differences include the duration of attack, which is often far shorter than in an adult, and the location of the attack, which may be bilateral in many children. The treatment of children and adolescents wit...

INTRODUCTION Benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV) is characterized by recurrent attacks of dizziness in a healthy child. Complete recovery typically takes place during childhood, and an epidemiological link with migraine has been pointed out. Nevertheless, data concerning long-term patient outcome are scarce. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinical data of 17 patients diagnosed with BPV betw...

Aims To develop and validate the Pediatric Visually Induced Dizziness Questionnaire (PVID) and quantify the presence and severity of visually induced dizziness (ViD), i.e., symptoms induced by visual motion stimuli including crowds and scrolling computer screens in children. Methods 169 healthy (female n = 89; recruited from mainstream schools, London, UK) and 114 children with a primary migr...