Background/Overview A variety of chemosensitivity and chemoresistance assays have been clinically evaluated in human trials. All assays use characteristics of cell physiology to distinguish between viable and nonviable cells to quantify cell kill following exposure to a drug of interest. With few exceptions, drug doses used in the assays are highly variable depending on tumor type and drug clas...

Most tumors are immunogenic which would trigger some immune response. Chemotherapy also has immune potentiating mechanisms of action. But it is unknown whether the immune response is associated with the efficacy of chemotherapy and the development of chemoresistance. Recently, there is a growing interest in immunotherapy, among which the co-inhibitory molecules, programmed cell death 1/programm...

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States and the leading cause of gynecologic cancer deaths. The major limiting factor in the treatment of ovarian cancer is recurrence and chemoresistance. Individuals who succumb to advanced-stage ovarian cancer inevitably become refractory to chemotherapy, resulting in disease progressio...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a very challenging malignancy with late presentation, metastatic potential, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of multitude number of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to the developme...

The taxane-based therapy provides survival benefit in patients with metastatic prostate cancer; however, the average is less than 20 months due to partial taxane-related chemoresistance. Innovative strategies are needed overcome chemoresistance for improved patient survival. In this project, paclitaxel-resistance was developed on androgen-independent PC3 and androgen-dependent 22Rv1 LNCaP human...

Ovarian cancer is considered to be the most malignant and aggressive tumor of female reproductive system, which largely associated with early development ascites peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer cells representing primary focus, as well those contained in ascitic fluid, are extremely heterogeneous terms morphological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic aspects. stem play a significant role...

Chemoresistance is a major barrier to successful chemotherapy in canine lymphomas and mammary tumors. Several mechanisms have been shown to contribute to chemoresistance in a variety of cancers. One such mechanism is the overexpression of drug efflux pumps, called multidrug transporters, that result in reduced efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and thereby lead to chemoresistance. Nuclear receptors...

Introduction Ovarian cancer (OC) is the malignant tumor with highest mortality among gynecological cancers. Chemotherapy resistance a major obstacle to OC therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in development and chemoresistance. However, role potential mechanism of has-circ-001567 (circ-VPS13C) chemoresistance remain unknown. Material methods The levels circ-VPS13C, miR-106b-5p 1...

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is closely related with chemoresistance of solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of noscapine to inhibit HIF-1α and sensitize ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin (DDP) under hypoxic conditions. Herein, we report that noscapine sensitized cobalt-induced chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to DDP-induced apoptosis and inhibi...

BCNU (1,3-bis[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea) is the mainstay in glioblastoma multiform chemotherapy with only minimal effects. BCNU may kill tumor cells via carbamoylating cytotoxicity, which irreversibly inhibits glutathione reductase with resultant accumulation of oxidized form of glutathione causing oxidative stress. S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a product of glutathione and nitric oxide int...