Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare 2 INTRODUCTION " Gas! Gas! " This warning cry, so common in World War I, almost became real to U.S. forces again as they prepared to liberate Kuwait in late 1990. The threat of chemical, and even biological, warfare was foremost in the minds of U.S. military personnel during Operation Desert Shield, the preparation for the Persian Gulf War. Ira...

Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry is used for the selective and sensitive detection of trace amounts of explosives and chemical warfare agent simulants from ambient surfaces at distances of up to 3 meters from the mass spectrometer.

We have determined and compared trace metals concentration in saliva taken from chemical warfare injures who were under the exposure of mustard gas and healthy subjects by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for the first time. The influence of preliminary operations on the accuracy of ICP-OES analysis, blood contamination, the number of restored teeth in...

Clinical manifestations of sixteen children and teenagers exposed to chemical warfare in Halabje are presented. 15 patients complained of burning of skin. Dry coughing was present in 13 subjects. The most frequent signs were conjunctivitis, skin erythema, edema of the eyelids, hyperpigmentation, ulceration, erosion, dyspnea, closure ofthe eyes, blisters, edema of the skin, and crepitation ...

clinical manifestations of sixteen children and teenagers exposed to chemical warfare in halabje are presented. 15 patients complained of burning of skin. dry coughing was present in 13 subjects. the most frequent signs were conjunctivitis, skin erythema, edema of the eyelids, hyperpigmentation, ulceration, erosion, dyspnea, closure ofthe eyes, blisters, edema of the skin, and crepitation in bo...

Threats from chemical warfare agents, commonly known as nerve gases, constitute a serious security issue of increasing global concern because of surging terrorist activity worldwide. However, nerve gases are difficult to detect using current analytical tools and outside dedicated laboratories. Here we demonstrate that surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be used for sensitive detection ...