Abstract Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common operations in UK, with around 60,000 performed UK each year. Large numbers single use instruments are used laparoscopic surgery, despite availability reusable and hybrid alternatives. A instrument where but it also has a replaceable component Operating theatres major carbon hotspot within healthcare. The NHS alone estima...

OBJECTIVE To assess reactions of smokers to five waves of tobacco tax increases in Germany. DESIGN A 10-wave cross-sectional study, with assessments before and after the tax increases. SETTING General population of Germany. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 10 representative samples from the general population with a total number of 27,608 people aged > or = 14 years, including 8548 smokers (31% o...

review articles are more considered because of special target groups, more citations and cheaper to do. this article is reviewing current evidence by choosing relevant ones through a narrative review article. it is going to provide an appropriate model and promotes the quality of review articles by focusing on the principles of writing them and also the common mistakes in this era.