In pattern recognition, a large number of diversiform characters is necessary to train / test a handwritten character recognition system. However, it is not easy to collect a large number of natural samples. The artificial diversification of characters has been suggested as one means of collecting a variety of characters[1]. In this paper, we show that a handwriting model can be applied to the ...

The so-called binary perfect phylogeny with persistent characters has recently been thoroughly studied in computational biology as it is less restrictive than the well known binary perfect phylogeny. Here, we focus on the notion of (binary) persistent characters, i.e. characters that can be realized on a phylogenetic tree by at most one 0 → 1 transition followed by at most one 1 → 0 transition ...

This study was conducted in the Kordofan region of Sudan during 2011–12. It was devoted to the morphology associated to the juvenile development and performance of tree species of Capparaceae and Combretaceae in a nursery and early field growth. The nursery experiment was conducted to study morphological characters to identify seedlings of tree species under study. Seedlings were transplanted t...

This paper deals with character recognition of characters of vehicle number plate and these recognized characters are transmitted through secure network channel by using encryption & decryption techniques. This paper includes implementation of automatic number plate recognition, which ensures a process of number plate detection, processes of proper characters segmentation, normalization and rec...

Character recognition techniques associate a symbolic identity with the image of character. Character recognition software recognizes text characters in electronic files, usually scanned documents that are saved as images and are not immediately text-searchable. Character recognition software is also known as optical character recognition or OCR, because it uses to optical properties of text to...

Lam, Gusfield, and Sridhar (2009) showed that a set of three-state characters has a perfect phylogeny if and only if every subset of three characters has a perfect phylogeny. They also gave a complete characterization of the sets of three three-state characters that do not have a perfect phylogeny. However, it is not clear from their characterization how to find a subset of three characters tha...

This study analyzes how 12 recent (2000-2011) Newbery Medal-winning books represent gender. The study counts how many of the books’ characters represent progressive or traditional gender roles, how many male and female characters represent each character category (protagonist, antagonist, major, and minor), how many strong female characters are accepted or rejected by their peers, how many char...