Mathematical models and associated numerical techniques have been developed to investigate the complicated transport phenomena in spot hybrid laser-MIG keyhole welding. A continuum formulation is used to handle solid phase, liquid phase, and the mushy zone during the melting and solidification processes. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is employed to handle free surfaces, and the enthalpy meth...

Welding of zinc coated sheets in zero gap configuration is of eminent interest for the automotive industry. This Laser welding process would enable the automotive industry to build auto bodies with a high durability in a plain manufacturing process. Today good welding results can only be achieved by expensive constructive procedures such as clamping devices to ensure a defined gad. The welding ...

Introduction The standard open technique for carpal tunnel surgery has wound problems and complications significantly more than minimally invasive surgery using the keyhole Wongsiri technique with MiniSURE, and in particular, the open technique surgery requires a longer time for return to work. CTR surgery with endoscopic devices improves the results with fewer wound problems when compared to t...

The weld penetration variation in laser-MIG hybrid welding under sensitive laser power range was investigated by experiments and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulation. During this investigation, joints of AH36 sheets were welded with varying powers the process. In addition, model established based on experimental parameters measurement results. Moreover, surface tension, electromagnetic...

Background: Pterion is a very crucial landmark. Thus, the present study was conducted to study pterion from morphometric as well as surgical point of view and its relation with underlying brain structures. Material and methods: The current study was conducted on 46 pterion in dry, adult human skulls and 20 in cadaveric skulls. Various types of pterion and their distance from other landmarks wer...

world states is made feasible by the structural property of the abstraction mechanism. That is, the abstract states essentially preserve the structure of the concrete world states at the level of type-generalized predicates. The example in Figure 6 shows 7 State literal from blocksworld planning domain (on blockA blockB) would be type-generalized to (on OBJECT OBJECT), as type of instances bloc...