CuIn2n+1S3n+2 crystals were synthesized by horizontal Bridgman method using high purity copper, indium, sulfur elements. The phases and crystallographic structure of the CuIn2n+1S3n+2 crystals were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the composition of the material powders was determined using the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Measurement data revealed that CuIn2n+1S3n+2 materials...

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Atomic force microscopy is widely used to characterize the surface topography of a variety of samples. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) additionally allows determining images of the surface potential with nanometer resolution. The KPFM technique will be introduced and studies on surfaces of chalcopyrite semiconductors for solar cell absorbers will be presented. It is shown that operation in...

Abstract The demand for copper is expected to outpace supply in the coming decades due part emergence of wind and solar technologies, which require about five times as much traditional energy sources. This work introduces a potentially transformative hydrometallurgical process extract from chalcopyrite, thereby sustain high rate production throughout 21 st century. Chalcopyrite reacted with van...

Accurate ab initio full-potential augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) electronic calculations within generalized gradient approximation have been performed for Mn doped ZnSnAs2 chalcopyrites, focusing on their electronic and magnetic properties as a function of the geometry related to low Mn-impurity concentration and the spin magnetic alignment (i.e., ferromagnetic vs antiferromagnetic). As expecte...